![]() ![]() In English, it became known popularly as prussic acid. "Blue acid") because of its acidic nature in water and its derivation from Prussian blue. Following Macquer's lead, it was first prepared from Prussian blue by the Swedish chemist Carl Wilhelm Scheele in 1782, and was eventually given the German name Blausäure ( lit. The new component was what is now known as hydrogen cyanide. In 1752, the French chemist Pierre Macquer made the important step of showing that Prussian blue could be converted to an iron oxide plus a volatile component and that these could be used to reconstitute it. It is now known to be a coordination polymer with a complex structure and an empirical formula of hydrated ferric ferrocyanide. Hydrogen cyanide was first isolated from a blue pigment ( Prussian blue) which had been known since 1706, but whose structure was unknown. History of discovery The red colored ferricyanide ion, one component of Prussian blue RCH=CH 2 + HCN → RCH 2-CH 2-CNįour molecules of HCN will tetramerize into diaminomaleonitrile, which can be converted to various purines. Hydrogen cyanide will react with alkenes under catalysis of nickel complexes. Cyanide ions interfere with iron-containing respiratory enzymes. ![]() The volatile compound has been used as inhalation rodenticide and human poison, as well as for killing whales. HCN has a faint bitter almond–like odor that some people are unable to detect owing to a recessive genetic trait. The salts of the cyanide anion are known as cyanides. A solution of hydrogen cyanide in water, represented as HCN, is called hydrocyanic acid. It partially ionizes in water solution to give the cyanide anion, CN −. Hydrogen cyanide is weakly acidic with a p K a of 9.2. The tautomer of HCN is HNC, hydrogen isocyanide. Hydrogen cyanide is a linear molecule, with a triple bond between carbon and nitrogen. It is more toxic than solid cyanide compounds due to its volatile nature. Large-scale applications are for the production of potassium cyanide and adiponitrile, used in mining and plastics, respectively. HCN is produced on an industrial scale and is a highly valued precursor to many chemical compounds ranging from polymers to pharmaceuticals. ![]() It is a colorless, extremely poisonous, and flammable liquid that boils slightly above room temperature, at 25.6 ☌ (78.1 ☏). Hydrogen cyanide, sometimes called prussic acid, is a chemical compound with the formula HCN and structural formula H−C≡N. ![]()
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